Little
little
語源
From Middle English litel, from 古期英語 lȳtel, from Proto-Germanic *lūtilaz (“tending to stoop, crouched, little”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewd- (“to bend, bent, small”), equivalent to lout + -le. Cognate with Dutch luttel, regional German lütt and lützel, West Frisian lyts, Low German lütt, Old High German luzzil, Middle High German lützel, 古期英語 lūtan (“to bow, bend low”); and perhaps to 古期英語 lytig (“deceitful, lot deceit”), Gothic ���������� (liuts, “deceitful”), ������������ (lutjan, “to deceive”); compare also Icelandic lítill (“little”), Swedish liten, Danish liden, lille, Gothic �������������� (leitils), which appear to have a different root vowel. More at lout.
発音
(Received 発音) IPA(key): /ˈlɪtəl/, [ˈlɪtl̩], [ˈlɪ.tʰɫ̩]
(General American) IPA(key): /ˈlɪtl̩/, [ˈlɪ.ɾɫ̩], [ˈɫɪ.ɾɫ]
(General New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈlɘtl̩/
(General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈlɪ.ɾɫ̩/
韻: -ɪtəl
ハイフネーション: lit‧tle
Homophone: Littell
形容詞
little (comparative less または lesser または littler, superlative least または littlest)
Small in size.This is a little table.
Insignificant, trivial.2013 June 21, Chico Harlan, “Japan pockets the subsidy …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 30:Across Japan, technology companies and private investors are racing to install devices that until recently they had little interest in: solar panels. Massive solar parks are popping up as part of a rapid build-up that one developer likened to an "explosion."
It's of little importance.
(offensive) Used to belittle a person.Listen up, you little shit.
Very young.Did he tell you any embarrassing stories about when she was little?
That's the biggest little boy I've ever seen.
(of a sibling) Younger.This is my little sister.
(also Little) Used with the name of a place, especially of a country or its capital, to denote a neighborhood whose residents or storekeepers are from that place.1871 October 18, The One-eyed Philosopher [pseudonym], "Street Corners", in Judy: or the London serio-comic journal, volume 9, page 255 [1]:If you want to find Little France, take any turning on the north side of Leicester square, and wander in a zigzag fashion Oxford Streetwards. The Little is rather smokier and more squalid than the Great France upon the other side of the Manche.
2004, Barry Miles, Zappa: A Biography, 2005 edition, →ISBN, page 5:In the forties, hurdy-gurdy men could still be heard in all those East Coast cities with strong Italian neighbourhoods: New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Boston. A visit to Baltimore's Little Italy at that time was like a trip to Italy itself.
2020, Richa Bhosale, "Croatian Hall in need of repairs to remain open," Timmins Daily Press:"The theatre was bought by the Croatian immigrants as so many immigrants came here in the ’30s and mostly for mining jobs, but in Schumacher itself it was called little Zagreb, and Zagreb is the capital city of Croatia. There were so many of them that they wanted to have their own little community, so they bought the theatre and they renovated it at that time, remodelled it and made it into a Croatian Hall," she explained.
Having few members.little herd
Short in duration; brief.I feel better after my little sleep.
Small in extent of views or sympathies; narrow; shallow; contracted; mean; illiberal; ungenerous.1855, Alfred Tennyson, “Maud”, in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 1013215631, page 20:
The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise, / Because their natures are little.
2001, Nicholas Petsalis-Diomidis, The Unknown Callas: the Greek Years, pg 547.Showing unmistakably what a little person he really was, in June 1949 he wrote his newly married daughter with nauseating disregard for the truth
使用する際の注意点
Some authorities regard both littler and littlest as non-standard. The OED says of the word little: "the adjective has no recognized mode of comparison. The difficulty is commonly evaded by resort to a synonym (as smaller, smallest); some writers have ventured to employ the unrecognized forms littler, littlest, which are otherwise confined to dialect or imitations of childish or illiterate speech." The forms lesser and least are encountered in animal names such as lesser flamingo and least weasel.
反意語
(small): large, big
(young): big
(younger): big
派生語
a little of the creature
LBFM
little auk
Little Barford
Little Billington
little bluestem
Little Bookham
Little Bourton
little boys' room
little brother
little by little
Little Bytham
little cassino
Little Chalfont
Little Christmas
little corella
little did one know
Little Dipper
little dog syndrome
little-ease
Little Eaton
little Eichmann
little emperor
little-endian
Little England
Little Englander
Little Falls
little finger
little folk
Little Gem
little girl
little girls' room
little-go
little grebe
little green man
little head
Little Hereford
Little Houghton
little hours
little house
littlein
Little Italy
little Ivy
little lady
Little London
little man
Little Mill, Littlemill
Little Missenden
Little Monster
Little Munden
littleneck
littleness
little old, little ol', little ole
little one
little owl
little peach
little penguin
little person
little pitcher
little pitchers have big ears, little pitchers have long ears
Little Ponton
Little Red Book
Little Rhody
Little River
Little Rock
Little Russia
Little Russian
Little Shelford
little sib
little sister
little slam
little slick
Little Smeaton
Little Somerford
little spiderhunter
little spoon
little spotted kiwi
little summer of St Luke
little swimmer
little tinamou
little toe
little-used
little wife
Little Wilbraham
little woman
little wonder
副詞
little (comparative less または lesser, superlative least)
Not much.This is a little known fact. She spoke little and listened less.
We slept very little last night.
1914, Louis Joseph Vance, chapter I, in Nobody, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, published 1915, OCLC 40817384:
Little disappointed, then, she turned attention to "Chat of the Social World," gossip which exercised potent fascination upon the girl's intelligence. She devoured with more avidity than she had her food those pretentiously phrased chronicles of the snobocracy […] distilling therefrom an acid envy that robbed her napoleon of all its savour.
Not at all.I was speaking ill of Fred; little did I know that he was right behind me, listening in.
1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶ […] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window […], and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge, little dreaming that the deadly tube was levelled at them.
2012 May 13, Alistair Magowan, “Sunderland 0-1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:But as United saw the game out, little did they know that, having looked likely to win their 13th Premier League title, it was City who turned the table to snatch glory from their arch-rivals' grasp.
反意語
much
限定詞
little (比較級 less, 最上級 least)
Not much, only a little: only a small amount (of).There is (very) little water left.
We had very little to do.
使用する際の注意点
Little is used with uncountable nouns, few with plural countable nouns.
Little can be used with or without an article. With the indefinite article, the emphasis is that there is indeed some, albeit not much:
We have a little money, so we'll probably get by.
With no article or the definite article (または what), the emphasis is on the scarcity:We have little money, and little hope of getting more.
The little (または What little) money we have is all going to pay for food and medication, so we can't save any.
参考
a little
反意語
(not much): much
